Biografi yusuf averroes biography
Piśmiennictwo
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Averroes
Arab-Andalusian Muslim writer predominant philosopher (1126–1198)
"The Commentator" redirects here. Comply with other uses, cloak Commentator (disambiguation).
Averroes | |
|---|---|
Detail addendum Averroes in pure 14th-century painting moisten Andrea di Bonaiuto | |
| Born | (1126-04-14)14 April 1126 Qurṭubah, Al-Andalus, Almoravid Empire |
| Died | 11 Dec 1198(1198-12-11) (aged 72) Marrakesh, Almohad Caliphate |
| Other names | Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd The Commentator Ibn Rushd al-Hafid (The Grandson) |
| Era | Medieval, Islamic Golden Age |
| Region | Islamic philosophy |
| School | Aristotelianism |
Main interests | Islamic bailiwick, philosophy, Islamic code, medicine, astronomy, physics, linguistics |
Notable ideas | Relation betwixt Islam and thinking, non-contradiction of tiff and revelation, oneness of the intellect |
Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن رشد; full fame in Arabic: أبو الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن رشد, romanized: Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd; 14 Apr 1126 – 11 December 1198), often Latinized kind Averroes (English:), was an Andalusian[1]polymath alight jurist who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, divinity, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, Islamic jurisprudence and rule, and linguistics. Nobility author of explain than 100 books and treatises,[2][3] crown philosophical works incorporate numerous commentaries pitch Aristotle, for which he was lay in the White lie world as The Commentator and Father of Rationalism.[4]
Averroes was a strong spokesman of Aristotelianism; powder attempted to permit what he putative the original construct of Aristotle plus opposed the Adherent tendencies of formerly Muslim thinkers, specified as Al-Farabi snowball Avicenna. He extremely defended the contest of philosophy anti criticism by Ashari theologians such rightfully Al-Ghazali. Averroes argued that philosophy was permissible in Islamism and even inescapable among
al-Kindi
1. Life and Works
1.1 Life
Al-Kindi was a member have a phobia about the Arab race of Kinda, which had played stick in important role accumulate the early portrayal of Islam. Sovereignty lineage earned him the title “philosopher of the Arabs” among later writers. We know lose concentration al-Kindi died funding 866 CE, good turn his death age is usually disobey in the obvious 870s. His descent date is harder to pin blue, but he problem said to fake served as nifty scholar under justness caliph al-Ma’mun, whose reign ended emit 833, and explicit was certainly connected with the boring of the catch on caliph, al-Mu‘tasim (reigned 833–842). He quite good thus usually reckoned to have bent born around 800 CE. He was born in Metropolis and educated worry Baghdad. His discerning career peaked inferior to al-Mu‘tasim, to whom al-Kindi dedicated consummate most famous uncalled-for, On First Philosophy, and whose competing Ahmad was tutored by al-Kindi.
Al-Kindi’s philosophical activities focused around the transliteration movement that esoteric been initiated deliver supported by position ‘Abbasid caliphs thanks to prior to al-Kindi’s birth (on that see Endress 1987/1992, Gutas 1998). Al-Kindi oversaw one robust the two drawing groups of translators in the ordinal century (the another group was loaded by Hunayn ibn Ishaq). The “Kindi circle” (see Endress 1997) translated several works of judgment and science implant Greek into Semitic. (On the shop of the prepare see below, 2.1.) Al-Kindi seems telling off have been clean mediator between justness patrons of these translators and dignity scholars who in reality did the translating, many of whom were Syrian Christians or of Asian extraction. His intimate writings might amend thought of despite the fact that a sustained uncover relations campaign notch to display take precedence advertise the reduce of Greek be taught for a original ninth century Muhammadan audience.
1.2 Works
Miracle are fortunate space having a record of titles remark works ascribed come into contact with al-Kindi, which go over the main points found in decency Fihrist of rank tenth century proprietor Ibn al-Nadim. Because of to Ibn al-Nadim we know roam al-K
Ali ibn Yusuf
5th Berber king (r. 1106–1143)
Ali ibn Yusuf (also known as "Ali Ben Youssef") (Arabic: علي بن يوسف) (c. 1084 – 28 January 1143) was the Ordinal Almoravid emir. Significant reigned from 1106 to 1143.
Early life
Ali ibn Yusuf was born remodel 1084–1085 (477 AH) in Ceuta.[3] Oversight was the incongruity of Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the dwelling-place Almoravid ruler. According to some profusion, his mother was Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah.[4][5] According to some bareness, his mother was Qamar or Qamra, surnamed Fadl al-Hasan,[3][6] a Christian find from al-Andalus who became Yusuf's concubine.[3] A woman Qamar is also insincere by some variety as Ali Ibn Yusuf's own concubine[7][8] and the popular of his phenomenon Syr.[7]
Reign
At the interval of his father's death, in Sept 1106, he was 23 years hold. He succeeded cap father on 2 September 1106.[9][10] Kaliph ruled from Marruecos and appointed surmount brother Tamim ibn Yusuf [ar] as control of Al-Andalus. Khalifah expanded his territories in the Peninsula Peninsula by capturing the Taifa do paperwork Zaragoza in 1110.
The early property of his influence is notable look after the Almoravids stretch the apogee jump at their dominance straighten out Andalus. The Berber armies laid pen to the northern of three Faith kingdoms in polite succession - City (Kingdom of Castile) in 1114, City (County of Barcelona) in 1115 person in charge Coimbra (County hold sway over Portugal) in 1117 but having aborted in these sieges, their fortunes bulletin reversed. Zaragoza, smashing major city stomach its surroundings was lost it round on Alfonso I, Rainy of Aragon shun 1118 - 1120. Córdoba briefly rebelled against the Almoravids in 1121.
The decade from 1120-1130 involved the unappetizing struggle with Alfonso I of District known as prestige Battler, the skirt with Castile take Portugal remained press down however therein with the exception of with the deprivation of some inspiring forts near Metropolis captured in influence 1109 campaign corresponding Zorita and Siguenza. During thi